ABB PCD235A101 3BHE032025R0101 勵(lì)磁控制系統(tǒng)控制器
勵(lì)磁裝置主回路部分主回路的組成和功能
裝置主回路完成整流和滅磁兩大功能，系統(tǒng)采用三相全控橋可控硅整流電路，向同步電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子繞組提供直流勵(lì)磁電流。滅磁回路由可控硅7、
8KGZ與二極管GZ反并聯(lián)組成，實(shí)際上組成為一個(gè)大功率電子開關(guān)，完成同步電動(dòng)機(jī)在異步起動(dòng)過程中串入起動(dòng)電阻，起動(dòng)結(jié)束后自動(dòng)切除，保證同步電動(dòng)機(jī)在異步起動(dòng)期間，轉(zhuǎn)子勵(lì)磁繞組既不開路也不短路，從而避免勵(lì)磁繞組承受過電壓和過電流。
勵(lì)磁裝置控制部分:
系統(tǒng)控制部分包括S720OPLC、Pro-face觸摸屏、KGLF-2型微機(jī)勵(lì)磁控制器三部分組成。PLC主要完成繼電回路邏輯控制工作方式切換、運(yùn)行時(shí)PI調(diào)節(jié)以及對外通訊等工作，Pro-face觸摸屏主要完成系統(tǒng)參數(shù)設(shè)置和運(yùn)行時(shí)故障、工作時(shí)間、設(shè)定運(yùn)行參數(shù)信息查詢，Pro-face觸摸屏具有勵(lì)磁電流和勵(lì)磁電壓錄波曲線信息查看。
KGLF-2型勵(lì)磁控制器里由主機(jī)MC87C51和副機(jī)AT89C51單片機(jī)組成。勵(lì)磁控制器主要完成頻率測量及投勵(lì)、脈沖形成、故障檢測及處理。1轉(zhuǎn)子感應(yīng)電壓頻率的測量
同步電動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)子感應(yīng)電壓的頻率隨著轉(zhuǎn)速的上升逐漸下降同步電動(dòng)機(jī)一旦起動(dòng),單片機(jī)就立即檢測轉(zhuǎn)子感應(yīng)半個(gè)周波的時(shí)間, 從20ms開始,數(shù)碼管記“9”中間每增加20ms,數(shù)碼減1,到20Oms時(shí)數(shù)碼管顯示“0”。同步電動(dòng)機(jī)在異步起動(dòng)過程中，當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速達(dá)到同步轉(zhuǎn)速的90%時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)子感應(yīng)電壓的頻率SHz，周期0.2s，半周時(shí)間為100ms，計(jì)算機(jī)一旦檢測到該值，立即投全壓。投全壓后，電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速將繼續(xù)上升，當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)速增加到同步轉(zhuǎn)速的95%時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)子感應(yīng)電壓的頻率為2.5Hz，周期為0.4s，半周時(shí)間為200ms，計(jì)算機(jī)檢測到此值，迅速進(jìn)入整流程序,輸出脈沖,裝置投入勵(lì)磁同時(shí)接通投勵(lì)工作指示,關(guān)掉低壓滅磁并開放失磁保護(hù)和失步保護(hù)等。
2脈沖形成
同步信號Ta、W3提供正偏移，及勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器的輸出信號Uk,三者通過運(yùn)算放大器綜合處理后作為單片機(jī)外部中斷請求INTO的輸入信號，當(dāng)INTO從1變0時(shí),單片機(jī)接受中斷,立即發(fā)出第一組脈沖去觸發(fā)1#可控硅，同時(shí)給6#可控硅補(bǔ)一個(gè)脈沖。以后每間隔60°發(fā)下一組脈中,觸發(fā)相應(yīng)的可控硅直至一個(gè)周期六組脈沖發(fā)完,再等待下一次中斷。改變Uk的大小就改變了中斷申請的時(shí)刻,達(dá)到控制口角的目的。為了提高整流電壓波形的對稱度，系統(tǒng)還不斷監(jiān)測電網(wǎng)的頻率，隨時(shí)對60°定時(shí)進(jìn)行修正，確保整流電壓波形對稱，這樣產(chǎn)生的脈:沖精度高,無需外部調(diào)整,且穩(wěn)定可靠。
3故障保護(hù)
系統(tǒng)具有進(jìn)線電源空開跳閘、電源掉相、快熔熔斷、欠磁、失步、過流、起動(dòng)超時(shí)等保護(hù)。這些故障主要由輔機(jī)監(jiān)控檢測，一旦確認(rèn)故障發(fā)生，輔機(jī)立即通知主控計(jì)算機(jī)，主機(jī)接收此信號后迅速作出相應(yīng)的故障處理，發(fā)出故障顯示和聲響信號，接通高壓油斷路器分闈回路，同步電動(dòng)機(jī)緊急停車。同時(shí)系統(tǒng)推β逆變運(yùn)行，將勵(lì)磁繞組儲(chǔ)存的能量回饋電網(wǎng)，延時(shí)5~6s后封鎖脈沖。
故障發(fā)生后由輔機(jī)記憶故障原因，并顯示故障代碼，以便查詢處理。
The composition and function of the main circuit of the excitation device
The main circuit of the device performs two functions of rectification and demagnetization. The system adopts three-phase fully controlled bridge thyristor rectifier circuit to provide DC excitation current to the rotor winding of synchronous motor. Magnetic circuit by thyristor 7,
8KGZ and diode GZ anti-parallel composition, in fact, composed of a high-power electronic switch, complete synchronous motor in the asynchronous starting process into the starting resistance, automatic cutting after the end of the start, to ensure that synchronous motor during the asynchronous start, the rotor excitation winding neither open nor short circuit, so as to avoid the field winding to withstand overvoltage and overcurrent.
Excitation device control part:
The control part of the system consists of S720OPLC, Pro-face touch screen and KGLF-2 microcomputer excitation controller. PLC mainly completes the switching of relay circuit logic control working mode, PI adjustment during operation and external communication, etc. Pro-face touch screen mainly completes the system parameter setting and operation fault, working time, set operation parameter information query, Pro-face touch screen has the excitation current and excitation voltage recording curve information view.
KGLF-2 excitation controller is composed of MC87C51 and AT89C51 microcontroller. Excitation controller mainly completes frequency measurement and excitation, pulse formation, fault detection and processing. 1 Measurement of rotor induced voltage frequency
When the synchronous motor starts, the frequency of the rotor induced voltage gradually decreases with the rise of the speed. Once the synchronous motor starts, the MCU immediately detects the rotor induced half cycle time. From 20ms, the digital tube marks the middle of "9" every 20ms, the number decreases by 1, and the digital tube displays "0" when it reaches 20Oms. Synchronous motor in the asynchronous starting process, when the rotor speed reaches 90% of the synchronous speed, the rotor induced voltage frequency SHz, period 0.2s, half week time is 100ms, once the computer detects the value, immediately throw full voltage. After full voltage, the motor speed will continue to rise. When the speed increases to 95% of the synchronous speed, the rotor induced voltage frequency is 2.5Hz, the period is 0.4s, and the half cycle time is 200ms, which is detected by the computer. Quickly enter the rectification program, output the pulse, the device is put into the excitation at the same time turn on the excitation work instruction, turn off the low voltage magnetic field and open the loss of magnetic protection and out-of-step protection.
2 Pulse formation
The synchronization signals Ta and W3 provide positive offset and the output signal Uk of the excitation regulator. After comprehensive processing by the operational amplifier, the three signals are used as the input signals of the external interrupt request INTO of the single chip microcomputer. When the INTO changes from 1 to 0, the single chip microcomputer accepts the interrupt and immediately sends out the first set of pulses to trigger the 1# thyristor, and at the same time, a pulse is added to the 6# thyristor. After every 60° interval in the next set of pulses, trigger the corresponding thyristor until a cycle of six sets of pulses are completed, and then wait for the next interruption. Changing the size of the Uk changes the time at which a request can be interrupted, in order to control squabbles. In order to improve the symmetry of the rectifier voltage waveform, the system also continuously monitors the frequency of the power grid, and corrects the 60° timing at any time to ensure that the rectifier voltage waveform is symmetrical, so that the pulse generated: high impact accuracy, no external adjustment, and stable and reliable.
3 Fault Protection
The system has the protection of incoming power circuit breaker trip, power phase drop, fast melting, under-magnetization, out-of-step, overcurrent, starting timeout, etc. These faults are mainly monitored and detected by the auxiliary machine, once the fault is confirmed, the auxiliary machine immediately notifies the main control computer, the host receives this signal and quickly makes the corresponding fault treatment, issues the fault display and sound signal, connects the high pressure oil circuit breaker division circuit, and the synchronous motor stops in an emergency. At the same time, the system pushes β inverter operation, the energy stored in the excitation winding is returned to the grid, and the pulse is blocked after a delay of 5~6s.
After the fault occurs, the auxiliary machine remembers the cause of the fault, and displays the fault code for query and processing.
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